# Bioenergy Module (60_bioenergy)¶

## Description¶

The bioenergy module provides a regional and crop-specific bioenergy demand v_dem_bioen to the model. For this calculation it requires information on gross energy content which is provided by the model core. In addition two switches are provided to the module: sm_use_bioenergy and sm_biodem_level. sm_use_bioenergy is a technical switch used to temporarily switch all bioenergy demand to 0 (currently needed for calculations of the 90_presolve module). sm_biodem_level is a switch affecting only specific realizations of the bioenergy module which defines whether demand should be considered regionally specific or as a global value.

## Interfaces¶

### Input¶

Name Description Unit A B
$fm\_GE\_content(kbio)$ Gross energy content GJ per ton DM x
$sm\_biodem\_level$ Bioenergy demand level 1:regional 0:global x
$sm\_use\_bioenergy$ Switch to deactivate bioenergy use (needed for presolve module) 0:off 1:on x

The last columns of the table indicate the usage in the different realizations (numbered with capital letters)

### Output¶

Name Description Unit
$vm\_dem\_bioen(i,k)$ Regional bioenergy demand mio. ton DM

### Interface plot¶

Figure 0: Information exchange among modules

## Realizations¶

### (A) standard (default)¶

The standard realization includes first and second generation bioenergy demand.

For first generation bioenergy, crop-specific input is provided on regional level fixing the bioenergy demand variable vm_dem_bioen to these values (f60_dem_1stgen_bioen).

vm\_dem\_bioen.fx(i,k) = f60\_dem\_1stgen\_bioen(t,i,k)

For second generation bioenergy (kbe60 = bioenergy grasses and bioenergy trees), input is given either on regional or global level (defined via switch sm_biodem_level). As the input on second generation bioenergy is not crop-specific, the model has the freedom to chose between bioenergy grasses and bioenergy trees in the optimization. The bioenergy demand calculation for second generation bioenergy is based on the following two equations from which always only one is active: If sm_biodem_level is 1 (regional) the right hand side of the first equation is set to 0. If sm_biodem_level is 0 (global) the right hand side of the second equation is set to 0, which means that the model endogenoulsy distributes the global demand among regions based cost-effectivness. In addition both equations are deactivated if sm_use_bioenergy is set to 0.

\begin{align}\sum_{kbe60,i} vm\_dem\_bioen(i,kbe60)\cdot fm\_GE\_content(kbe60) \ge \sum_{i} fc60\_bioenergy\_dem(i) \cdot sm\_use\_bioenergy \cdot (1-sm\_biodem\_level)\end{align}

\begin{align}\sum_{kbe60}vm\_dem\_bioen(i,kbe60)\cdot fm\_GE\_content(kbe60) \ge fc60\_bioenergy\_dem(i)\cdot sm\_use\_bioenergy \cdot sm\_biodem\_level\end{align}

Except the implementation of the switches and the fact that in the first equation the bioenergy demand is summed up to a global demand both equations act the same way: In both cases the equation just makes sure that the sum over all second generation energy crop of the bioenergy demand is greater or equal to the demand actually given by the input file fc60_bioenergy_dem.

For coupled runs with REMIND the input file fc60_bioenergy_dem is updated in each iteration of the coupling.

Limitations
There are currently no known limitations of this realization.

### (B) off¶

In this realization bioenergy demand is fixed to zero. Bioenergy is fully deactivated (1st generation as well as 2nd generation).

\begin{align} vm\_dem\_bioen.fx(i,k) = 0 \end{align}

Limitations
No simulation of bioenergy.

## Definitions¶

Name Description Unit A B
$f60\_dem\_1stgen\_bioen(t,i,k)$ 1st generation bioenergy demand million ton dry matter x
$fc60\_bioenergy\_dem(i)$ current bioenergy demand (regional) 10^6 GJ per year x
$kbe60(kcr)$ bio energy activities x

The last columns of the table indicate the usage in the different realizations (numbered with capital letters)

## Developer(s)¶

Jan Philipp Dietrich